Swıne Flu – A vırus transmıttıng to humans – worldwıde epıdemy – what does ıt do and wıll ıt have an end?
The swine flu refers to influenza caused by strains of influenza viruses that infect pigs and are usually called virus of swine influenza (SIV). Swine influenza is common in pigs in the M? D-western United States and some other states, Mexico, Canada, South America, Europe, Kenya, mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and other parts of East Asia.
Transmission of influenza viruses from pigs to humans is not common and well-cooked pork poses no risk of infection. During its transmission, it does not always cause human influenza, and often the only sign of infection is the presence of antibodies in the blood can be detected by laboratory tests. When the results of transmission in case of bird flu in a human, it is called zoonotic swine. People who work with pigs, especially those with intense exposure are at risk of contracting swine influenza. However, only fifty of these transmissions have been recorded since the mid-20th century, when the identity of the subtypes of influenza has become possible. Rarely, these strains of swine flu can pass from human to human. In humans, symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and influenza-like illness in general, namely, chills, fever, sore throat, muscle aches, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general malaise.
The epidemic of 2009 against influenza in humans, known as swine flu, "is due to an apparently new strain of virulent influenza A subtype H1N1 virus, which contains many genetic elements are normally in swine influenza. The origin of this new strain is unknown, and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reports that this strain has been isolated from pigs. It can be transmitted from human to human, the capacity allocated to an AS-yet unidentified mutation. 2009 H1N1 strain that causes the symptoms of normal influenza such as fever, cough and headache.
The 2009 flu epidemic is caused by a new strain of influenza, reassortment apparent at least four strains of influenza A subtype H1N1, a strain which is endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in pigs. Although initial reports that the new strain is identified as swine influenza (ie, a zoonosis), its origin is unknown. Several countries have taken precautionary measures to reduce the risk of a global pandemic of the disease.
This new strain has never been reported in pigs. On May 2, 2009, H1N1 has been reported in pigs in a farm in Alberta, Canada, with a link to the outbreak of swine flu in 2009 in Mexico. Pigs are believed to have taken this new virus strain from a farm worker who recently traveled to Mexico, then showed symptoms of influenza-like illness. These are probable cases, pending confirmation by laboratory tests.
The time and place of the epidemic is still unknown, but it was first detected in two cases in Southern California in late March. If this new virus has been released, officials in Mexico suspected a link to an outbreak of end of flu season they were. Mexican news media report that the epidemic may have begun in February near a central of Smithfield Foods pork amid complaints about its practice of intensive agriculture. Within days, hundreds of other suspected cases have been discovered in Mexico, with more cases also appeared in the United States and several other countries. Until late April, officials from the UN 's World Health Organization (WHO), based in Switzerland, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States were expressing grave concern epidemic influenza, worried it could become a pandemic influenza in the world.
The new strain has spread widely beyond Mexico and the United States, with cases confirmed in eighteen countries and suspected cases in the forty-two. Many countries have advised their citizens not to travel to infected areas. Countries including Australia, China, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand are return visitors to the surveillance of influenza affected areas to identify people with fever and respiratory symptoms. Many countries have also issued warnings to visitors to the flu-affected areas to immediately contact a doctor if they had symptoms of influenza.
Mexico Schools, universities and all public events will be closed from 24 April 2009, at May 6, 2009. By May 3, 2009, over 400 schools in the United States closed because of confirmed or probable cases among students or staff, affecting 250,000 students
On April 28, the new strain was confirmed to have spread to Spain, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Israel, and the virus has been suspected in many other nations. Consequently, the WHO raised its alert level to "Phase 5" of 6 possible, which defines it as a "signal of a pandemic is imminent" At the end of April, 300 schools have closed throughout the United States and the Mexican government has ordered a multi-day closure of all non-core activities within the government and the private sector, which amounts to a stoppage of most of the country's economy . At the same time, however, many scientists were reaching consensus that the epidemic was so far "relatively mild" and believes it could be less lethal than previous epidemics.
The new strain is a reassortment apparent four strains of influenza A subtype H1N1. Analysis by the CDC has identified four components of endemic strains as one in humans, an endemic birds, endemic and two pigs (pigs). However, other scientists reported that analysis of the 2009 swine influenza (H1N1) viral genome "suggests that all groups are of porcine origin," we are perplexed as to sources of information confirming that the virus is a reassortment of avian flu, the ancestors of human and pig viruses, "and" This preliminary analysis suggests at least two H1N1 swine at present, only one of them related to the use of three viruses isolated in America North in 1998. "A strain fever was widespread in the United States, the other in Eurasia. Worldwide the common human virus H1N1 Influenza affects millions of people each year, according to WHO officials, and "these annual epidemics result in approximately three to five million cases of serious illness, and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths "per year. In industrialized countries, most of these annual deaths occur among people aged 65 years or more. On May 2, a few pigs in Canada have been diagnosed with the H1N1 virus. Although some strains of the flu can spread between species, the flu virus is killed by normal cooking procedures, there is no risk of infection through the consumption of pork well cooked and pork products.
Recommendations to prevent infection by the virus are composed of standard precautions staff against influenza. This includes washing hands frequently with soap and water or with alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after being in public. The CDC recommends not to touch the mouth, nose or eyes, because they are the main modes of transmission. When coughing, they recommend cough into a tissue and disposing of tissues and wash hands immediately.
Among the antiviral therapies available for influenza, WHO said the virus from human cases of swine influenza in the United States were susceptible to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza), but resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. Tamiflu and Relenza have a preventive effect against influenza virus A. On 27 April, the CDC has recommended the use of Tamiflu and Relenza for both treatment and prevention of the new strain. Roche and the U.S. government had already extended the shelf life of stocks of Tamiflu by the federal government in the original five to seven years because studies have shown that the drug continues to maintain its effectiveness.
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